Since 1993, the World Bank Group has been a steadfast partner to Bosnia and Herzegovina, fostering a robust and lasting collaboration. Bosnia and Herzegovina has directly witnessed the benefits of international development support, which have enabled it to rapidly achieve upper-middle-income status. Today, the World Bank Group and Bosnia and Herzegovina remain dedicated to advancing the economy, enhancing living standards, and supporting the country’s aspirations to join the European Union.
Early days of the partnership
Bosnia and Herzegovina exited from the 1992-1995 war devastated and divided, riddled with minefields, with police and military checkpoints preventing even the essential freedom of movement. By the end of 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economic output had fallen to just 10-30 percent of the pre-war level. Gross domestic product (GDP) had collapsed to less than US$500 per capita, about 20 percent of its pre-war level. Most of the basic infrastructure and services were shattered and more than 80 percent of the population received some form of food aid.
- Over 100,000 lives lost.
- 2 million people were displaced or became refugees—over half the pre-war population.
- Per-capita GDP fell by 75% (from $1900 to $500).
- Widespread job losses.
- Most of the population fell into poverty.
In the immediate aftermath of this human and economic catastrophe, the International Development Association (IDA) initiated 16 emergency operations to rebuild transport and energy infrastructure, healthcare, and education facilities, and stimulate economic growth.
Post-war reconstruction
After the devastating war, Bosnia and Herzegovina worked with international partners, including the World Bank Group, to create a comprehensive economic recovery and reconstruction plan. This plan focused on four key areas:
- stabilizing the macroeconomy and establishing new economic institutions,
- supporting the transition to a market economy,
- rebuilding infrastructure and facilitating refugee returns,
- and normalizing the country’s international financial and economic relations.
As part of the post-war reconstruction effort, local communities, authorities, and international partners collaborated to rebuild one of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s most iconic landmarks. The Stari Most, or Old Bridge, in Mostar, destroyed on November 9, 1993, was restored and reopened nearly a decade later. This architectural resurrection has since become a powerful symbol of reconciliation in the once war-torn country, bridging not only the physical gap across the Neretva River but also the cultural and emotional divides left by the conflict.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s path towards reforms
In recent years, Bosnia and Herzegovina has made significant strides in its reform efforts. The country has successfully transitioned from a low-income status to an upper-middle-income country and is now seeking to join the European Union. It became an IDA donor in 2023, positioning it to support other nations in their journey to stability and prosperity.
The partnership provides analysis, advice, and financing for reform programs, with potential access to $750 million in new lending from the World Bank. Additionally, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) aims to attract private capital in key sectors using innovative advisory and investment products, supported by guarantees from the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
